My name is Ariane Viola, I am 18 years old, and I am now in my second session in springboard at Ahuntsic College. I am not yet in the program that I want to go in because there are prerequisite courses that I need to do to before going in the science program. To eventually become a nutritionist. This glossary is to help people understand better all the things that encompasses nutrition. I think everyone should know more about nutrition because it affects everyone.
anemia
noun
Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues.
Example: Severe under nourishment among children (indicated by weight for age- 3SD) and severe anemia among pregnant women are positive indicators.
fr: anémie
biology
noun
The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
Example: Whilst a speech therapist will need a knowledge of psychology, medicine, biology and anatomy, together with clinical skills and counselling skills, it is their linguistic training that will enable them to make accurate and detailed linguistic descriptions of the patient's communicative abilities and enable them to measure the effectiveness of the treatment.
fr: la biologie
diabetes
noun
Diabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin.
Example: The most prevalent diet-related disorders in industrialised countries are cardiovascular disease, cancers, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, because diets in industrialised countries are relatively rich in amino products, fats and sugar, and there are high rates of colorectal, breast, prostate, endometrial and lung cancer.
fr: diabète
diet
noun
A special course of food to which one restricts oneself, either to lose weight or for medical reasons.
fr: régime
disease
noun
A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
Example: Asia and The Pacific had a huge change over 2003, it dropped sharply since February 2003 due to the impact of the unexpected SARS disease.
fr: maladie
fats
noun
Fats are nutrients that give you energy.
Example: The diets consist of; Wheat Soya Barley Vitamins Minerals Limestone (Calcium) fats and Oils Wheat is the main constituent of the diet (around 60%), the other materials make up the rest of the diet.
fr: graisses
fiber
noun
Dietary material containing substances such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, that are resistant to the action of digestive enzymes.
Example: Macronutrients Protein, carbohydrate (sugar, starch, fibers), total fats (saturated, monosaturated, polysaturated, cholesterol) and alcohol are the main contributions to the total energy intake (excluding fiber).
fr: fibre
genes
noun
The basic biological unit of heredity.
Example: Hence, as well as taking account of the differences in genes and the composition of contained plant species, it is very important to select flocks which would not adversely reduce the regeneration capacity of original habitat.
fr: les gènes
health
noun
The state of being free from illness or injury.
Example: Marathon is associated with health and fitness.
fr: santé
hypertension
noun
High blood pressure (HBP or hypertension) is when your blood pressure, the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your blood vessels, is consistently too high.
fr: hypertension
malnutrition
noun
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person's intake of energy and/or nutrients.
Example: There was also a risk of malnutrition and dehydration due to Bill's belief about being poisoned.
fr: malnutrition
metabolism
noun
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Example: Biological continuity means that my life-sustaining functions like metabolism and excretion are continuing without interruption.
fr: métabolisme
nutrient
noun
A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
Example: These include 'deficiency diseases', which come about when an individual's diet is lacking in a nutrient due to cutting out particular foods.
fr: nutritif
nutritionist
noun
A person who studies or is an expert in nutrition.
Example: A nutritionist can use your diary or a more accurate 'weighed food diary' to calculate exact intake using computer software.
fr: nutritionniste
obesity
noun
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health.
Example: In line with most modern nutritional thinking then, I would define 'eating badly' as a diet high in energy-dense foods, such as saturated fats and sugars (that are linked to problems like obesity and heart disease) and low in protective foods like fruits and vegetables, which contain key vitamins, minerals, fibre and antioxidants.
fr: obésité
organism
noun
An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Example: Taphonomy describes the complex processes that affect an organism after death and ultimately determine if and how it is preserved.
fr: organisme
scurvy
noun
A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by swollen bleeding gums and the opening of previously healed wounds, which particularly affected poorly nourished sailors until the end of the 18th century.
Example: Examples like scurvy, common among sailors, whose diet lacked vitamin C due to the absence of fresh fruit and vegetables, have virtually disappeared in the developed world during the last century.
fr: scorbut
veganism
noun
"Veganism is a philosophy and way of living which seeks to exclude—as far as is possible and practicable—all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose; and by extension, promotes the development and use of animal-free alternatives for the benefit of animals.
Example: Buddhism often confuse people with veganism, although only a small number of extremely devout Buddhist priests voluntarily deprive themselves of all animal food.
fr: véganisme
vegetarianism
noun
The practice of not eating meat or fish, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons.
Example: The pressure groups will affect what demand there is for certain products, for example if a large scale campaign was launched by a vegetarian group trying to promote vegetarianism then the demand for meat may fall affecting farmers prices and may meaning they have to change what is produced.
fr: végétarisme
vitamins
noun
Any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.
Example: Infants require10% more nutrients to grow their large brain size, and developing children have been shown to need iron, calcium, iodine, vitamins A, B, C, not to mention high levels of protein and fat.
